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The figure shows two particles fixed in place: a particle of charge \(q_1=+8q\) at the origin and a particle of charge \(q_2=-2q\) at \(x=L\). At what point (other than infinitely far away) can a proton be placed so that it is in equilibrium (the net force on it is zero)? Is that equilibrium stable or unstable? 該圖顯示了兩個固定在適當位置的粒子:原點處的帶電粒子 \(q_1=+8q\) 和 \(x=L\) 處的帶電粒子 \(q_2=-2q\)。 在什麼點(除了無限遠)可以放置一個質子以使其處於平衡狀態(其上的合力為零)? 這種平衡是穩定的還是不穩定的? |
In Fig. a, two identical, electrically isolated conducting spheres \(A\) and \(B\) are separated by a (center-to-center) distance \(a\) that is large compared to the spheres. Sphere \(A\) has a positive charge of \(+Q\), and sphere \(B\) is electrically neutral. Initially, there is no electrostatic force between the spheres. (Assume that there is no induced charge on the spheres because of their large separation.) (a) Suppose the spheres are connected for a moment by a conducting wire. The wire is thin enough so that any net charge on it is negligible. What is the electrostatic force between the spheres after the wire is removed? (b) Next, suppose sphere \(A\) is grounded momentarily, and then the ground connection is removed. What now is the electrostatic force between the spheres? 在圖 a 中,兩個相同的、電隔離的導電球體 \(A\) 和 \(B\) 被(中心到中心)距離 \(a\) 隔開,該距離比球體大。 球體\(A\) 帶正電荷\(+Q\),球體\(B\) 是電中性的。 最初,球體之間沒有靜電力。 (假設球體上沒有感應電荷,因為它們的間距很大。) (a) 假設球體通過導線連接片刻。 電線足夠細,因此其上的任何淨電荷都可以忽略不計。 拆線後球體之間的靜電力是多少? (b) 接下來,假設球體 \(A\) 暫時接地,然後移除接地連接。 現在球體之間的靜電力是多少?
(a)\[F=\dfrac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \dfrac{(Q/2)(Q/2)}{a^2}=\dfrac{1}{16 \pi \varepsilon_0} \dfrac{(Q^2)}{a^2}\]
(b)因為球體 A 帶正電,總電荷為 Q/2 的電子從地面向上移動到球體上(圖 d),使球體的電荷為 0(圖 e)。 因此,兩個球體之間沒有靜電力。
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The nucleus in an iron atom has a radius of about \(4.0 \times 10^{-15}\) m and contains 26 protons. (a) What is the magnitude of the repulsive electrostatic force between two of the protons that are separated by \(4.0 \times 10^{-15}\) m? (b) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between those same two protons? 鐵原子中的原子核的半徑約為 \(4.0 \times 10^{-15}\) m 並包含 26 個質子。 (a) 相隔 \(4.0 \times 10^{-15}\) m 的兩個質子之間的排斥靜電力的大小是多少? (b) 這兩個質子之間的引力有多大? |